PetroBowl Practice Test

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• Benzene is categorized as which type of compound?
• What was the area around Cornplanter and Titusville known as?
• Which device is ran on the inside of tubular goods to ensure that the pipe has the proper drift?
• What was the name of the German Chemist who was first able to take sulfur out of crude oil?
• When calculating relative pipe roughness, Є=k/d, what is k?
• On the Mohs scale, what value is assigned to diamond?
• What term describes the additional pressure drop caused by near-wellbore conditions in well deliverability?
• The discovery of the East Texas Field is credited to Dad Joiner and which other individual?
• Which gel strength classification is considered least desirable for stable drilling operations?
• A sandstone containing highly viscous, asphalt-like hydrocarbon compounds is referred to as what?
• Who was called to be one of the chief deputies to Harold Ickes in the Petroleum Administration for War and was tasked in 1943 to appraise the oil potential of Saudi Arabia?
• In what year did the first dedicated gas station open?
• The SPE Board of Directors is made up of representatives from each of its geographic regions. How many regional directors does the SPE Board of Directors include?
• What President of the United States came out of the oil and gas industry?
• Which Yale professor first analyzed Rock Oil for its properties as an illuminant in a paper dated April 16, 1855?
• Which chemical found in TNT is also found in oil, particularly Borneo crude?
• Which two rock types are the most common reservoir rocks?
• The 1977 Conference on Economic Cooperation was held in which European capital city?
• What is the area of the rock adjacent to the perforation tunnel where permeability may be 50% less than initial, undamaged permeability?
• The fifty-fifty deal in 1950 was between Saudi Arabia and which entity?
• By approximately how much can EOR techniques potentially increase a reservoir's in-place oil recovery?
• The velocity profile is parabolic for what type of flow?
• In Horizontal well drilling, what does KOP stand for?
• Which company was the first independent oil company founded by Everette Lee DeGolyer?
• During wellbore storage flow regime, what is the slope of the pressure derivative?
• What was the name of Rockefeller's 'Lady Friend' that worked at McClure's?
• Which of the following is NOT a function of drilling mud?
• HPHT completions stands for?
• Wyoming bentonite, a common drilling fluid clay, is primarily made of which mineral?
• Who took over as chairman of the Asiatic Petroleum Company in July 1903?
• When can a stabilized well test be conducted?
• Named for the weather phenomenon which it resembles, what type of plot is used to correct deep log resistivity to true formation resistivity?
• Which description best describes stratified segregated flow?
• Gas condensate, also known as retrograde condensate, is a type of natural gas reservoir; which term matches this?
• What type of logs can be used to locate the top of the gravel packed section and to detect voids in gravel packs?
• In what year did the first oil futures contracts appear on the Nymex?
• The formation of British Dutch was the result of a merger between Shell Group and which company?
• What was the nickname of the Rothschilds' London representative Fred Lane?
• What style of faulting occurs when horizontal stress in one direction exceeds the horizontal stress in the perpendicular direction?
• What is the drilling distillation unit used to measure water, oil, and solids content of mud?
• Who was the BP CEO in the early 1980s who pushed for deintegration of the company?
• This point is the upper limit of the vapor-pressure line.
• Which symbol is used to denote the gas compressibility factor?
• When the Asiatic Petroleum Company was constructed in July 1903, who took over as chairman?
• Who became the new chairmen of Standard Oil of New Jersey in 1960?
• In what year did the USA urge European nations to limit imports of Soviet gas, leading to a compromise restricting European gas imports from Russia to 30% of the total gas?
• In what month and year did Alamitos Number 1 discover Signal Hill?
• Which term describes a change in a gas's volume, pressure, or temperature that occurs without heat transfer?
• What psi/ft gradient is used for fresh water?
• What type of reserves can be recovered from new wells, deepening wells, or when a large expenditure is required to obtain production?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the four types of clastic fragments commonly found in limestone?
• Which company built the last new refinery in the United States in 1976?
• In annular flow, how are the phases distributed?
• Which term describes a raised feature around a perforation?
• Which material is a rubber or plastic used as a seal?
• Who is widely regarded as the world's leading reserve auditor?
• What was the operation between the United States and Europe that helped Western European countries during the oil shortage when the Suez Canal was closed?
• The Arab oil embargo began in which month and year?
• Which Darcy's Law assumption states the formation is fully saturated with the flowing fluid phase?
• The Exxon Valdez spill of 11 million gallons is approximately how many cubic meters?
• Which Oklahoma field contributed to Oklahoma becoming a larger oil producer until 1928?
• Which person is credited with drilling the first petroleum well in America?
• What was the nickname given to Columbus Joiner during the discovery of the East Texas Field?
• What was the event that sparked the revolution of 1905 in Russia that nearly collapsed the Russian oil industry?
• How many gallons did the largest oil spill actually spill?
• What reservoir state exists when there is no change in density at any location as time progresses?
• Bernard J. Duroc-Danner is the CEO of which company?
• William Burton introduced what oil refining process in 1913?
• The Petroleum Reserves Corporation was established during which period?
• The embargo was proclaimed in response to the United States decision to aid which side in the Israeli conflict?
• What company bought Getty Oil for $10.2B in 1983?
• When does hysteresis occur?
• The Volga-Urals oil deposits are associated with which country during the Soviet era?
• A project associated with a prospective trend of potential prospects, but which requires more data acquisition and/or evaluation in order to define specific leads or prospects.
• Which log is the Gamma Ray Log?
• In the 1970's these two countries represented roughly 48% of OPEC's total production.
• What event effectively ended the 'As-Is' agreement in 1939?
• How many national oil companies are operating in Brazil?
• Who was the leading competitor of Rockefeller in the early 1900s?
• The Voluntary Agreement designed to manage the loss of Iranian oil supplies was signed in which year?
• The Libyan Petroleum Law that encouraged exploration and development of Libyan Desert oil was enacted in which year?
• What is the best course of action when producing a gas condensate field?
• What are estimated volumes of oil and gas thought to be economically recoverable?
• Which company had a founder named Joseph 'Buckskin Joe' Culliman?
• Saddam Hussein assumed the Presidency of what party in 1979?
• Who are the CEOs of Schlumberger, Halliburton, Baker Hughes, and Weatherford?
• What term describes the energy content per unit mass of a fuel, produced by burning fuels?
• What was the original term for a driller before Spindletop?
• Which method uses heat?
• Which region ranked fifth in SPE professional membership?
• Which region supplied 51% of the world's oil in 1901?
• Which reservoir type has the predominant producing mechanism defined as fluid expansion?
• Who was the world's first billionaire?
• Which family emerged as Rockefeller's main rival in the early oil era?
• What amendment to the 1955 trade act gave the president the ability to restrict oil imports?
• Which conference held in March 1957 aimed to declare a formal process of healing between Eisenhower and Macmillan?
• What is the total sum of interconnected openings or voids that occur within a rock?
• Who was the Oil Administrator who met with Henri Deterding and Walter Teagle in Washington, D.C. in August 1934?
• What is the process called when polymers are cross-connected with other chemical substances to alter viscosity and shear rates to enhance lifting of bit cuttings and increase drilling rates?
• Which Libyan law is cited as encouraging exploration and development of oil in the Libyan Desert?
• In refraction seismology, what are the devices called that function as listening ears?
• What percentage of SPE membership is made up of Young Professional members?
• What term is used to define a higher than expected production from existing oilfields possible due to improved management, adoption of more sophisticated and costly technologies or previous miscalculation?
• The primary purpose of which casing string is to seal off freshwater zones?
• At discovery, what would the pressure be in a black oil reservoir?
• What were the writers of the progressive agenda around the turn of the 20th century known as?
• Which approach is used to derive the equation Ku+f=0 by projecting residuals onto test functions?
• In what year did the Shell Transport Royal Dutch Petroleum Company draft an agreement with the Rothschilds?
• A stabilized well test is associated with which two flow regimes?
• In IPR curves, Pwf denotes what?
• During World War II, DeGolyer led a mission to appraise the oil potential of which country?
• What does a fracture look like on an acoustic image log?
• What oil field was said to have 'oil fountains'?
• Which of the following is NOT a type of packer used in the oil industry?
• In what year was oil first discovered in Nigeria?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the ABCD powers?
• What constant is used to directly relate strain and stress?
• Which method uses symmetry by mirroring infinite solutions to solve linear boundary problems in reservoirs?
• Why is the use of down hole shutin recommended in pressure buildup tests?
• In salt dome development, which stage is the True Piercement stage?
• Which company is associated with Marcus Samuel as its chairman?
• Which of the following combinations correctly lists the four Allied participants involved in the Inter-Allied Petroleum Conference?
• Which logging tool is used to estimate formation properties by generating and detecting electromagnetic fields in the formation?
• What symbol is used to represent solution gas-oil ratio?
• In terms of oil formation, what is the oldest geological era?
• Which SPE region is last in the ranking by professional membership?
• The Anglo-American Petroleum Agreement was signed in which year?
• What is the name of the irregular intrusion of igneous rock into another rock?
• In 1943, how many barrels of synthetic fuel was produced in Germany?
• Real gases have a factor that relates their behavior to ideal gas conditions. What is the name of this factor?
• What is the modern name that Ohio Oil Company later became?
• Standard Oil of Ohio is today the American arm of which company?
• Which person is described as having drilled the first well for petroleum in America?
• Which statement best describes the effect of a larger slant angle on skin?
• The hydrotreater removes sulfur from which products?
• In offshore operations, FPSO stands for what?
• What is the term used to describe the pressure that is required at the rock face to open a fracture?
• In what year did the Supreme Court order the Standard Oil Company to dissolve due to the Sherman Act?
• In two phase flow what is hold up?
• Chad C. Deaton is the CEO of which company?
• The 1970s 'Texaco Building' in Vienna became known as The OPEC Building; which structure was it?
• Expected reserves to be recovered from existing wells and facilities.
• A PDE that describes a physical process and has boundary conditions that are essential and/or natural is described by which form?
• Aminoil is the acronym for which company?
• Which component is used to guide the casing through rough borehole sections and reduce drag?
• Which two phase pressure gradient correlation can be used for any pipe inclination and flow direction?
• Nobel oil was able to reach East Asia's oil market quicker and cheaper than Rockefeller's Standard Oil by using which route?
• What process is used to determine the pore size distribution in a formation sample?
• Pour Point testing assesses oil flow under prescribed conditions typically at what?
• Which statement best describes an isotropic reservoir?
• In 1986, which type of well accounted for about 15 percent of U.S. oil production?
• When was the first oil shipped via the Big Inch pipeline?
• The fluid recovered from an undersaturated oil reservoir depends entirely on what?
• Gas hydrates consist of frozen water that encloses gas molecules. What term is used for those gas molecules when trapped?
• What is the term for mapping based on the visible landscape up to the 1920s?
• In annular flow, which describes the flow pattern?
• What is the term used to describe a high quality low sulfur oil?
• Which inventor is associated with the patent for the two-cone roller-cone bit in 1909?
• Which well holds the record for the deepest drilling, at 35,055 feet?
• Shale has approximately what API?
• In pressure buildup data, which two flow regimes cannot be distinguished separately?
• What are the two parts of the annulus?
• Which region is second in SPE professional membership?
• What type of gas is from reservoirs with little oil?
• What is the process of changes that produce rock from sediments?
• The 1985 summit hosted in Germany occurred in which city?
• During 1960-1970, which region supplied approximately two-thirds of the world's oil?
• What was the group of railroad companies who raised freight prices in 1872 effectively starting the Oil War?
• Who was sometimes known as the 'energy czar' in the early 20th Century?
• Which flow type occurs at an early time in wells hydraulically fractured with a finite-conductivity fracture?
• Which U.S. president created the Federal Oil Conservation Board in response to warnings by Henry Doherty?
• Microgel, also called fisheyes, is a lump of non-dispersed polymer.
• Why are alkanes the main constituents of petroleum gas, as opposed to other hydrocarbons?
• Which flow regime must be present for Darcy's Law to be applicable?
• Which numerical method discretizes the domain interior using a grid and approximates derivatives with finite differences?
• In what year did the Exxon Valdez oil tanker sink in Prince William Sound, Alaska?
• British Dutch emerged from which two companies?
• According to Yergin, who worked as a superintendent of a school system in New Orleans and single handedly started the oil industry?
• Which kerogen type is typically waxy oil-prone?
• What is the name of the group in Russia that tried to prevent revolution by means of killing Christian Armenians?
• In 1956 who was recruited into the Ba'th Party?
• What is the term for catching and analyzing the mud and the cuttings that come to the surface to infer downhole conditions?
• In what year did Libya become the 6th largest exporter of oil in the world?
• What is the name of the process that breaks down kerogen and clays in shale to generate liquid hydrocarbons?
• Rank the following from highest distillation temperature to lowest: Diesel fuel, Jet fuel, Naptha, Gasoline.
• Standard Oil of Indiana became which company?
• Which founder partnered with Rockefeller in 1867 and later founded two Florida cities?
• What style of faulting may occur when the Horizontal Stress is greater than the vertical stress?
• What is the term for the process of adding new wells in an existing field within the original well patterns to accelerate recovery or to test recovery methods?
• What is a Heave Compensator used for on an offshore rig?
• Which device is installed at the bottom of the casing string and is commonly bullet-shaped?
• Which statement is true about the first tariff on imported oil in the United States?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the main periods in the life of a reservoir?
• In Horizontal well drilling, KOP stands for Kick Off Point.
• Which name represents the direct predecessor of ExxonMobil in the lineage from Standard Oil of New York?
• Refraction Seismology is a geophysical technique that uses a charge to generate energy waves traveling through subsurface structures. Which option correctly names this technique?
• In which state were geologists first used to locate and extract oil?
• Which processing unit is designed to make the first separation of crude oil in a refinery?
• How does the 'huff and puff' operation combat the skin effect in a gas condensate reservoir?
• What is the term for the gas slippage effect at low pressure that leads to overestimation of absolute permeability in a gas-saturated core?
• In the field production, what does UGS stand for?
• In the relation Krw = kw/k, what does k represent?
• Which kerogen type is typically associated with rocks deposited in marginal marine environments and is a major oil source?
• In the late 1930s, what percentage of oil was imported by Japan from America?
• Identify the perforation method that uses high-pressure slurry directed through nozzles to penetrate casing and cement.
• If the API gravity of a crude oil is 40°, what is the corresponding specific gravity (relative density) of that oil?
• In salt dome development, which stage directly follows the Pillow Stage?
• In sedimentary geology what does BIF stand for?
• What is the name given to a reservoir with no apparent outer boundary limit affecting fluid flow during a test period?
• Which list correctly identifies the four types of Aliphatics?
• Which of the seven-subset companies retained the most power and what is the company name today?
• Which two fields were part of the Teapot Dome scandal?
• William Burton introduced which oil refining process in 1913?
• What is the space between the well casing and drill stem called?
• In what flow regime is pressure constant with time everywhere in the reservoir?
• Which pair of correlations is commonly used to estimate oil viscosity?
• What year did the United States reach peak oil production of 11.3 million barrels a day?
• The Canadian scientist who first patented kerosene in 1854 was?
• The Ghawar oil field, a giant in Saudi Arabia, was discovered in which year?
• Which U.S. president earned great respect in the oil world by turning the Shah from a price hawk to a compliant dove?
• In 1938, how many countries combined to account for 94% of the world's oil production?
• What mineral is the major constituent of sandstone and other clastic sedimentary rocks?
• This is a silicate mineral, often modified and sometimes part of the movable particles in a formation. Its most common form is potassium.
• What system created by oil companies to prevent overproduction by assigning countries production quotas during The Golden Age of Oil is known as?
• In most sedimentary basins the overburden pressure increases linearly with depth. In psi/ft, what is the typical gradient?
• A lump of non-dispersed polymer is known as what?
• Why is the production rate calculation for a well with an irregular drainage pattern valid only at early times?
• Which log measures the natural battery effect at interfaces where drilling mud ions have entered porous zones?
• In Archie's equation for formation conductivity, what values are commonly assumed for n (tortuosity exponent) and m (cementation exponent) when local parameters are unknown?
• Which term describes water located in the pores of a reservoir rock, distinct from groundwater or formation water?
• The Oasis Group coalition formed by Continental, Marathon, and Amerada operated in which country in the 1950s?
• The Moineau principle is used by which downhole motor to rotate the bit?
• Which Oklahoma oil pool discovery occurred in 1905?
• During The Golden Age of Oil, oil's success substituted which energy source?
• What American oil company, other than Standard Oil, maintained a continuous existence from 1890 to 1920?
• Relative permeability is controlled by what factors?
• What type of gel strength is most desirable for drilling?
• What device is used to deviate the drilling direction by inserting a wedge into the hole?
• What was the name of the company George Bissell founded for exploring and refining petroleum into kerosene?
• What town is the Big Hill Spindletop near?
• What term describes volumes of oil and gas that are thought to be economically recoverable?
• Troll A is operated by which company?
• In 1907, which two companies merged to form the Royal Dutch Shell Group?
• A sudden decrease in salinity of the brine flowing through sandstone causes formation damage by dispersing clay particles. This phenomenon is known as what?
• What term describes an immense natural gas deposit trapped in clathrate structures with water?
• On a log-log plot of flow rate vs time, what characteristic describes storage?
• What type of bonds were used as kickbacks in the Teapot Dome scandal?
• How many countries are currently members of OPEC?
• Which US organization managed and restricted oil production in Texas?
• Which downhole tool is used to assess bedding plane orientation in a borehole?
• What is the term for the continuous or intermittent injection of gas into the lower section of the production?
• During WWII, what does the acronym PAW stand for?
• In what year was the Texas Fuel Company founded?
• Which of the following events occurred earliest in oil history?
• Skin factor is a numerical value used to analytically model the difference from the pressure drop predicted by Darcy's law due to skin. What is the typical range of this factor?
• In 1859, Edwin Drake struck a gusher that triggered the world's first oil rush in which town?
• Which contract requires that the contractor be responsible for the costs and activities associated with the rig and the operator responsible for other items such as drilling fluid, site preparation, and well casing?
• BHA is an acronym for what component of the drill string?
• What was the name of the first company that Mark Abrahams set up in the USA?
• The year in which the first insert bit was introduced was?
• How many US gallons are in one oil barrel?
• What is the term for perforating whereby holes are created in casing or liner to allow flow from the formation?
• Conoco emerged from which company?
• What organization supplies standard contract forms that can be modified for a specific project by the oil company and the drilling contractor's legal department?
• Which organization did Alfred Bedford chair during the 1917 era?
• What does Plugged Back Total Depth refer to?
• Rank the seven SPE regions from highest to lowest professional membership.
• Who had the nickname Old Mossy?
• In what year did President Dwight D. Eisenhower decide to implement quotas on foreign oil?
• Which organization opposed Western imperialism and called for the renaissance or resurrection of the Arab World and its unity in one united state?
• Which entity changed its name to Texaco in 1906?
• In the formula Apparent viscosity = 300 × dial reading / 600, what is the value of the constant?
• In what year did Gus Archie first publish his equation for calculation of water saturation?
• What is hot oil?
• What is the term for the equilibrium point where sublimation, melting, and the vapor pressure lines intersect?
• What is the primary function of a separator in produced fluids?
• What is the scraping tool called that is forced through a pipeline to remove accumulations of wax and debris from the walls?
• In what year did the Titusville oil Exchange open?
• Which of the following best represents capillary pressure?
• What type of teeth on a roller cone bit provides the greatest amount of surface area and are used in abrasive formations?
• The random motion of particles in a fluid due to temperature is known as which type of motion?
• What prevents a hole of a well from caving in and seals off formations?
• In what year did the United States pass legislation mandating that cars double their fuel economy by 1985?
• In what year did Saudi Arabia finally secure a fifty-fifty deal with Aramco?
• This is defined as the ability of a rock to transmit fluid through pore spaces.
• What is an underbalanced reservoir?
• What is the name for pup joints that have the same internal diameter as the tubing but have a larger outside diameter and are used to mitigate turbulence and erosion?
• The term for the ratio of the resistivity of a rock filled with water to the resistivity of that water is called?
• Which term describes higher than expected production from existing oilfields due to improved management, adoption of more sophisticated technologies, or previous miscalculation?
• In a Footage or Metreage Contract, which party is responsible for drilling fluids, site preparation, and well casing?
• The 'As-Is' agreement is another name for which framework?
• SPE stands for which organization?
• What is the term for vented or drained fluids from a pressured well?
• Which statement accurately describes Patillo Higgins?
• The ratio used to define Specific Gravity in the context of gases is the ratio of the density of a gas to the density of what substance at the same temperature and pressure?
• What vehicle was designed by the Germans and popularly known as the 'people's car'?
• During which decade did free world oil demand grow by 21 million barrels per day?
• What is another name for initial reservoir pressure, the pressure of a reservoir before it is produced?
• What term describes the equipment designed to prevent uncontrolled flow from subsurface to surface?
• This is defined as the ratio of the density of a gas to the density of dry air when both are measured at the same temperature and pressure. What is this quantity?
• Sonic Log, Density log and Neutron logs are all what type of logs in Well Logging?
• Wildcatter's used to taste and classify oils as sweet, medium sour, and sour based on what property of oil?
• Who pioneered seismic prospecting?
• Which of the following is a category of enhanced oil recovery?
• Which term describes the phenomenon where the relative permeability depends on saturation history?
• The French established the Comite General du Petrole in 1917. Who led it?
• This is a short section of casing or tubing used as a depth identifier to a collar locator log or used at the top of the well when spacing out a string prior to hanging the string.
• What three well logs can be combined to determine the mineral composition of a formation?
• What British document warned off Russia and Germany from the Persian Gulf in 1903?
• What was the name of the Japanese law lasting seven years aimed at producing synthetic fuels from coal to supply half of the country’s oil?
• Which country is ranked tenth in proven oil reserves?
• Contact angle is used to measure wettability; the solid is water-wet if the contact angle is below ___ and is oil-wet if the contact angle is more than ___
• A perforated height less than reservoir height can lead to which skin effect?
• Who founded the Texas Fuel Company?
• Which term describes the drilling process where the bit rotates to cut rock?
• Which statement about reservoir sampling is true when the reservoir is above bubble point?
• What type of reserve has about a 90% probability of estimates meeting cited value?
• What does the term The Age of the Hydrocarbon Man describe?
• The discovery of the East Texas Field is associated with which individual nicknamed 'Dad'?
• What name did Enrico Mattei give to a group of major oil companies including Jersey (Exxon) and Shell?
• What's the term for fail-safe valves that are designed to prevent an uncontrolled release of hydrocarbons from the well if something catastrophic occurs at the surface?
• Which flow regime occurs between wellbore storage and infinite acting radial flow?
• Which term completes the standard list of reservoir boundaries: No-flow, Constant-Pressure, Leaky, Conductive, ______?
• In 1910, which state produced 22% of world oil with 73 million barrels?
• Which company was commonly referred to as the 'Old House' in the late 1800s?
• What year marked OPEC's first production reduction aimed at propping up prices?
• What is the term for the integral statement of a PDE multiplied by a weighting function and equated to zero?
• Name the three subgroups of hydrocarbons.
• What was the term given to describe the difference between the worth of reserve assets and the share price of oil companies in the early 1980s?
• What is the name of the disputed border between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait?
• What term describes the comparison of a fluid's ability to move through another fluid or to displace it?
• Which expression correctly represents the denominator in the productivity index?
• The location Bibi-Heybat is famous in oil history for what unusual event?
• What year did Colonel Drake strike oil?
• In which year was Saddam Hussein recruited into the Ba'th Party?
• What oil field was one of three fields set aside as 'naval oil reserves' and later transferred to Interior Department and leased to private companies?
• What factor led the Texas Railroad Commission in 1971 to allow all out production at 100 percent of capacity of oil fields?
• In the study of petroleum fluids, which bond type is most relevant?
• After natural depletion, what is the most common secondary oil recovery method?
• What term describes the German advantage at sea during WWII?
• Which rigs usually utilize a subsea blowout control system?
• In what year was DeGolyer given a special mission to appraise the oil potential of Saudi Arabia?
• What term is used to describe the trap formed by reservoir rock, seal, and three-dimensional closure?
• What instrument is used to determine the density of a liquid relative to water?
• What precipitate is formed when hydrofluoric acid reacts with calcium carbonate?
• What reservoir state exists when the pressure change over time is the same everywhere in the reservoir?
• In the contiguous United States, in what year did oil production peak?
• Which type of well is drilled after initial discovery to determine the size of the hydrocarbon deposit?
• Which canal closure precipitated the oil shortage scenario described in these notes?
• What gives the state of stress at any point?
• In Galerkin's Method, the weighting functions are chosen to be equal to the corresponding what?
• What is a complex assembly of irregularly shaped minerals with void spaces which are likewise irregularly shaped and distributed?
• On what date did Shell offer an olive branch by raising its oil prices by two to four cents?
• What was the impact of the 1934 Draft Memorandum of Principles on the oil industry?
• In what year did SPE become a professional society?
• The feed to a catalytic reforming unit is always hydrotreated. Why is this?
• What refining technique did William Burton popularize that breaks down large hydrocarbon molecules?
• In what year did Britain, the Netherlands, and the Rothschilds sign an alliance?
• IPR is used to determine the relationship between which two quantities?
• In distributive flow, what is the arrangement of the phases?
• In what year did synthetic fuels provide 57 percent of the total oil supply in Germany?
• The SPE Board of Directors includes regional directors. How many regional directors serve on the board?
• Which of the following is a ram-type blowout preventer?
• In a scenario where current wells exist but new completion work is required before production, what category is used?
• In the Darcy's Law expression, which statement describes how flow rate relates to pressure difference?
• Which term refers to the rate at which fluid can flow through a rock under a given pressure gradient?
• Which country established the Comite General du Petrole in 1917?
• Where was the term roughneck coined?
• Name two methods of hydrogen generation used in refineries.
• Which organization conducted early studies into secondary oil recovery around 1917?
• Refraction seismology is a geophysical technique used for what purpose?
• What term describes an exploration effort that groups a number of related prospects and potential targets?
• Nobel oil used which canal to reach East Asia faster than Standard Oil?
• What are the three types of segregated flow?
• Algal and amorphous kerogen highly likely to generate oil is what type?
• This numerical model has a solution procedure that exploits approximations to the connectivity of the elements and to the continuity of stress and displacements between the elements.
• Which company emerged from the Samuel's Syndicate in 1897?
• If the productivity of a well is low due to low permeability, how is this overcome?
• What mud density (ppg) is required to prevent flow from a permeable formation at 12200 ft with pore pressure 8247 psig?
• How are the effects of valves and fittings included when calculating the pressure drop?
• Paraffins are best described as which type of hydrocarbons?
• Resources that will be potentially recoverable, as of a given date, by projects not currently considered commercially economic due to any number of circumstances.
• Which process strengthens the bonds between polymers and other substances to modify drilling fluid properties?
• Who served as the United States Secretary of the Interior who rescued the American oil industry from collapse in 1933?
• An isopach map is used to show variation in what characteristic?
• How long did the October 1973 oil embargo last?
• Which company began work on the Colony Shale Oil Project in 1980?
• What is a well logging device that is used to measure the angle between beds and the horizontal plane within a well?
• Which log is used to measure gamma radiation for lithology identification?
• What is the device inside the choke that restricts flow called?
• Which fuel among the listed options is typically used as aviation fuel?
• Which city is known as the oil capital of West Texas?
• Which of the following is a type of submersible rig?
• What technology led to the nickname Elektropolis for the city?
• Who was the head of the Oil Division in the Fuel Administration for the USA in WWII?
• Which of the following is not a hydrocarbon subgroup?
• By 1973, which country had become the swing producer for the world?
• What is the slang term for the member of a seismograph crew who places the geophones?
• What rock type is made of broken fragments that are cemented together?
• Mesa Petroleum's profit from the 1982 acquisition of Cities Service was how much?
• What is the difference in pressure between two phases in equilibrium at the same depth called?
• Which term defines the pressure difference between the average reservoir pressure and the flowing bottomhole pressure?
• What is the name for a subsurface map whose contours show the elevation of a rock layer, making folds and faults clearly visible?
• Which term describes the total sum of interconnected openings or voids that allow fluid flow?
• What is the reduction in an ability of a fluid to flow in the presence of two or more immiscible fluids called?
• What is a small-diameter channel worn into the side of a larger diameter borehole?
• Which type of rig was first used in the United States for oil well drilling?
• How long was Tapline?
• What psi/ft gradient is used for pore pressure along the US Gulf Coast?
• Churn flow is characterized by what motion?
• In 1960 who became the new chairmen of the Standard Oil of New Jersey?
• What does the abbreviation SCSSV stand for?
• What point on a phase diagram represents the pressure and temperature at which solid, liquid, and gas coexist under equilibrium conditions?
• CO2 Injection has been used successfully throughout which geological region?
• A Bingham plastic fluid has which characteristic?
• Which term describes the fraction of pore space occupied by water when the hydrocarbon content is at maximum and can only be reduced by flow of a very dry gas that evaporates the water?
• What term is used for a drilling rig's main power source?
• Which WWI innovation was used to measure changes in the vertical components of the earth's magnetic field?
• What is the name of the system used to control the increase in amplitude of an electrical signal from input to output, commonly used in seismic processing?
• What is the term for probability of loss or failure?
• What factor is a correction for the Darcy Equation that accounts for changes in pressure and fluid saturation along a fracture?
• In the early 1900s, which company was the dominant oil producer in California?
• When was the Standard Oil Trust established?
• The integration of flow rate versus time results in what?
• What is the largest oil field in the world?
• In a horizontal well that has experienced formation damage, the damaged zone is most commonly what geometric shape?
• Which company produced the most oil in Mexico when the nationalization of the industry took place?
• This unconformity is formed where sedimentary beds overlie an erosional surface carved into igneous or metamorphic rocks?
• This type of tertiary recovery method involves injecting air into the formation and igniting the oil.
• Which description best characterizes churn flow?
• In what year did Wanda Jablonski first publish Petroleum Intelligence Weekly?
• Name one of the three main methods of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR).
• What term describes the absorption of fluids into the pore spaces of a rock?
• In what year did Mesa's board award T. Boone Pickens an $18.6 million bonus, making him the highest paid executive in the USA?
• Reservoir Rock, Seal, and 3 Dimensional Closure are three important features of what?
• What term means keeping an oil and gas lease in effect by producing a well on that lease?
• Which individual pioneered the use of seismic tools to locate oil or gas?
• What well log can be used to determine both the porosity and lithology of a reservoir?
• When a gas or liquid flows across a sand face, through a choke, or any device that introduces a pressure drop, the temperature will decrease. What causes this?
• Where does the Deep Water Horizon oil spill rank on the world largest oil spills?
• What happens to gravel during squeezing in the crossover method?
• In June 1921, which Shell exploratory well discovered Signal Hill?
• Will a SP log spike lower or higher in a reservoir containing hydrocarbons?
• Which country is home to the Abadan refinery?
• Which statement best defines the Z factor for a gas?
• Tariki's nickname is which of the following?
• Commonly a bullet-nosed shaped device installed at the bottom of the casing string is known as what?
• Which process is designed to remove sulfur from gasoline and diesel products?
• What crude was the benchmark crude for the first oil futures sold on the Nymex?
• How many founding member countries does OPEC have?
• Jackup rigs can drill in water up to approximately what depth?
• This type of well does not have or produce any commercial deposits of hydrocarbons.
• Who was the Dutch engineer who rescued Royal Dutch with new discoveries in Sumatra?
• In 1917, who was the president of Standard Oil of New Jersey and chairman for the National Petroleum War Service Committee?
• What does Bg represent?
• Which pipeline connected the Volga-Urals region to Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary?
• Who took over as the 'interim manager' for Royal Dutch in December 1900 and retained that position for 35 years?
• The major difference between the Bingham model and Newtonian fluids is?
• The Colony Shale Project on the Western Slope is located in which state?
• What is the total amount of oil located in the subsurface of a reservoir called?
• Which statement is true about the Big Inch and Little Inch pipelines?
• Which EOR method uses polymers or detergent-like surfactants to help lower the surface tension that often prevents oil droplets from moving through a reservoir?
• Sleipner West field is located in which country?
• Which company bought into the Colony Shale Project on the Western Slope in 1980?
• When was the first insert bit introduced?
• During WWII what three companies provided 85 percent of Great Britain's oil supply?
• Which term refers to the ease with which fluids flow through rock due to pore connectivity?
• Who became the chairman of Anglo-Persian in 1927?
• Which statement best describes the term 'flow regimes' in transient well testing?
• The amount of oil that can be produced from a reservoir under current economic conditions is called what?
• What is the equation to determine API gravity from specific gravity?
• Euler's Equations are equivalent to what?
• The head of the Oil Division in the Fuel Administration for the USA in WWII was which person?
• In what year did Texas reclaim its rank as the #1 oil producer in the United States?
• Which flow type involves formation-to-wellbore flow channeled through a short set of perforations or a probe, with a characteristic t^-0.5 slope?
• This is a highly chemically modified carbonate. They usually form cave structures.
• What instrument is commonly used to determine mud viscosity in a laboratory?
• Mesa Petroleum was formed in 1969 from consolidating the drilling companies of which investor?
• Which event occurred earliest among the following: End of 1944 pipeline share, 1971 price controls, first presidential energy speech in 1973, or October 1973 embargo?
• A project associated with a potential accumulation that is sufficiently well defined to represent a viable drilling target.
• This term describes the movement of water upwards or gas downwards towards a decrease in pressure caused by producing hydrocarbons in a zone with no vertical permeability boundaries.
• This is the estimation of the age of a formation.
• This numerical model requires only discretization of the boundary.
• In what year did the Federal Court order the dissolution of Standard Oil?
• Which term describes the molecular bridging of polymers with other chemical substances to alter viscosity and drilling rates?
• Who said 'Without petroleum all the machines and tools of the industrial world are mere pieces of iron, rusty, motionless and lifeless'?
• The amendment to the 1955 trade act that empowered the president to restrict oil imports.
• Which two-phase pressure gradient correlation can be used for any pipe inclination and flow direction?
• What are the two main configurations of tri-cone roller-cone bits?
• Mixed terrestrial and marine source material that can generate waxy oil is what type?
• What is the English translation of the Italian term 'Sette Sorrelle'?
• A mixture of hydrocarbons that existed in the liquid phase in underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after surface separating facilities is known as what?
• What device is a metal wedge inserted in the hole to deviate the drill bit in hard rock situations?
• The term for payments to mineral owners for reservoir depletion is called what?
• Define distributive flow.
• Which gravel pack type is limited to single zone completions?
• In which flow can permeability, average pressure, and wellbore skin be calculated?
• How is the productivity index calculated?
• Which oil company began in 1929 after a merger between a Rocky Mountain company that was part of Standard Oil and an Oklahoma-based crude producer?
• Where was the Conference on Economic Cooperation held in 1977?
• Where was the 1928 meeting at Achnacarry Castle held?
• In what year was the National Industrial Recovery Act passed?
• In what country was the largest oil spill to date?
• Which Japanese admiral is considered the mastermind behind the attack on Pearl Harbor?
• Spindletop is located near which Texas city?
• In 1940, what percentage of Germany's oil came from its own synthetic production?
• Who was the 2011 SPE President?
• Which type of log induces a current in the formation through the use of transmitter coils and induced magnetic fields in the formation?
• What are the three main types of conventional gas?
• What field in Oklahoma caused Oklahoma to be a larger producer of oil in the United States until 1928?
• What are derivative responses that are commonly found and readily recognized in transient test data termed?
• Which device can be used to prevent differential sticking?
• What does IADC stand for?
• What is the purpose of the 1935 Interstate Oil Compact among oil-producing states?
• In the petroleum coking process, what is the length of time to heat the coke drum sufficiently to safely introduce hot hydrocarbons, transform the raw material into solid petroleum coke, and remove the solid coke from the drum before repeating the process?
• The filtration process during cementing where the aqueous phase escapes into the formation leaving behind cement particles is called what?
• Which toxic gas poses a significant hazard in offshore drilling operations?
• This man became partners with Rockefeller in 1867 and would later found Miami and West Palm Beach.
• This type of secondary fault is set with opposite direction with respect to the primary fault.
• Which term describes the portion of porosity that allows interconnection for fluid flow?
• In a rotational viscometer set to 600 rpm, a dial reading of 46 yields what apparent viscosity?
• What is the ten point scale of mineral hardness. It has diamond at 10 and talc at 1.
• Which are the three categories of enhanced oil recovery?
• Which kerogen type is the most oil-prone and commonly associated with oil windows?
• Which process involves injecting gas under a column of liquid (usually above a standing valve) to displace that slug of liquid to the surface?
• In the linear form q = k a (p1 - p2) / (μ L), which term represents viscosity?
• What is the name of the pipeline that would carry Saudi Arabian oil to the Mediterranean?
• Which state is home to Prudhoe Bay, the largest oil field discovered in 1967?
• Which of the following statements describes a negative skin?
• Which Texas oil well is recognized as the first major oil well in the state?
• What is the term for forming larger droplets from smaller droplets?
• What type of well typically produces a few barrels per day and accounted for 15 percent of total U.S. production in 1986?
• In the infinite conductivity vertical fracture flow regime, the slope of the pressure change is 0.5. Which option correctly states this value?
• Which region supplied two-thirds of the world's oil in 1960-1970?
• Schwartz's 1969 correlation for optimal gravel size depends on uniformity of the formation and velocity through which component?
• Who was the first woman president of SPE?
• Who originally discovered the Spindletop oil field in Beaumont, Texas?
• What is indicated by low pore entry pressure?
• Which rig has a folding mast that can be lowered and raised quickly?
• Which two logs can be combined to identify a breakout?
• In 1983 what underground structure off of Alaska was believed to be the next Prudhoe Bay or equivalent to the Saudi Arabian fields?
• Which Russian oil field was saved from Germans by the British in August 1918 which led to the fall of Germany in WWI?
• This rig has a folding mast that can be lowered and raised quickly.
• What device prevents the casing from leaning against the sides of the borehole?
• What is the funnel-shaped device used to transfer drilling mud and cementing materials?
• Which platform type is fixed to the seabed and uses jackets and piles?
• In pipes, the velocity profile of laminar flow is parabolic.
• What term describes the underestimation or overestimation of oil demand or supply?
• In 1971, oil and natural gas provided what fraction of total world energy?
• This is the pressure corresponding to the maximum temperature above which liquid cannot be formed regardless of pressure.
• What is the primary function of the Crude Distillation Unit in a refinery?
• Which statements describe the typical assumptions of an ideal gas?
• Who was the managing director of Anglo-Persian in 1916?
• Which of the following is a type of blowout preventer?
• Who served as interim manager for Royal Dutch starting December 1900 and led the company for 35 years?
• What does the abbreviation PBTD stand for?
• Volcanic tuff altered to montmorillonite is called what?
• What is the name of the man responsible for the survival of Royal Dutch in 1900?
• What are the three types of natural gas reservoirs?
• Who was the London representative of the Rothschilds' oil interests who acted as the middleman for amalgamation negotiations between Shell and Royal Dutch?
• Define intermittent flow.
• Who wrote The Prize?
• Who was known as the oil czar in WWII?
• Which country is ranked first in proven oil reserves?
• What is the process called that adds hydrogen to coal to create synthetic fuels?
• The beta factor is used to adjust the Darcy equation to account for changes in which two properties along a fracture?
• Which instrument did the National Defense Act authorize to regulate exports including oil?
• Which statement correctly describes lithification?
• Which company was a major producer of California oil fields in the 1890s besides Standard Oil?
• What is the term used to describe the determination of the production related pressure drop from the reservoir to the rock face of the reservoir completion?
• Which event occurred latest among the following: End of 1944 pipeline share, 1971 price controls, first presidential energy speech in 1973, or October 1973 embargo?
• Who was Henri Deterding's de facto commercial deputy?
• In what year did Royal Dutch and Shell Transport unite to form the Royal Dutch Shell Group?
• Which statement correctly describes segregated flow?
• Who is credited with coining the term 'Seven Sisters' for a group of major oil companies?
• In what year was British Dutch created?
• In what year did both the coinage of the term 'hot oil' in relation to East Texas and the passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act occur?
• Which numerical method is defined by discretizing only the boundary of the domain and solving interior effects indirectly?
• Which contract type assigns the entire drilling project to a single contractor and pays a fixed fee upon completion?
• Which modern exchange first sold oil futures in 1983?
• In the apparent viscosity calculation, at what rotor speed (rpm) is the dial reading used?
• Which dolomitization model involves dolomitizing fluids being seawater?
• Which SPE periodical specializes in economics and management?
• Which company was involved in a 20-year contract with James Guffey in 1901, as listed in the material?
• Which term refers to the unused world oil production capacity?
• In 1941 America had a surplus of oil totaling how many barrels per day?
• What is the equation for the Traction Vector?
• Which log is used to determine borehole diameter and may help identify constrictions along the wellbore?
• What is the alternative name for the refining device described as a fractionating column, also known as pipestill?
• Which of the following methods is used to collect oil samples from a reservoir?
• What is a raised metal lip that is around a perforation?
• In what year did the reign of General Gomez come to an end in Venezuela?
• Which term is another name for the bottom-hole sample?
• Who served as president of Standard Oil in 1926?
• Out of the original 5 Billion dollars Exxon was supposed to pay for the Exxon Valdez oil spill, how much did Exxon settle to pay?
• In 1917, who was put in charge of the French Comite General du Petrole?
• Which instrument is used to determine liquid specific gravity?
• Which correlation is commonly used to model two-phase pressure drop for various pipe configurations?
• What effect does increasing the angle of slant of a well have on skin?
• Who was the chief engineer at the Edison Illuminating Company in Detroit who quit so that he could design, manufacture, and sell a gasoline powered vehicle?
• What is the first casing to be used while drilling?
• Which country imposed sanctions on oil exports to Japan in July 1940 without a total ban?
• What term describes enlargements and elongations of a borehole formed by spalling parallel to the minimum horizontal stress?
• Which region is NOT among the seven SPE regions listed?
• As of year-end 2011, including student members, SPE membership totaled approximately how many individuals?
• What is the process by which kerogen is converted, at elevated temperatures, into petroleum?
• Which set lists the three main conventional gas types?
• Which instrument shows the revolutions per minute (RPM) of the rotary table or top drive unit?
• These machines mechanically remove the sand/silt sized particles from the mud?
• How many people died when oil from the first flowing well caught fire?
• Which company bought Gulf Oil in 1985 for $13.2B, making it the largest cash offering to date?
• What 'remarkable' speed was achieved by an internal combustion automobile in the Paris race?
• During which years did the Colony Shale Oil Project operate before ending due to funding shortages?
• In 1947 these two wartime pipelines were converted to gas pipelines.
• The July 1940 ban on oil exports to Japan by the United States prohibited export of fuel with octane rating of what?
• Which German chemist contributed to crude oil refining by removing sulfur?
• CASOC's two parent companies were which of the following?
• In what year was the process of thermal cracking discovered?
• What is the average world's water cut associated with oil production?
• Which term is an alternative name for the fractionating column used in refining, also known as pipestill?
• A well is sometimes deliberately completed in order to retard or avoid what effect?
• What was the name given to the development of the shale oil located in the Western slope of the Rocky Mountains?
• This compound forms the largest group of nonhydrocarbons in petroleum.
• What is the breakdown of heavier oil to a lighter hydrocarbon by bacterial action?
• The Kimmeridge clay of the North Sea and the Tannezuft shale of Algeria are of this kerogen type, with original organic matter consisting of algal detritus and material from zooplankton and phytoplankton.
• Saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2 are commonly known as what?
• Under what circumstances will fluids cause damage to the formation?
• Woody terrestrial source material that typically generates gas is what type of kerogen?
• This man was king of Saudi Arabia during World War II.
• The excerpt, 'Let our position be absolutely clear. An attempt by any outside force to gain control of the Persian Gulf region will be regarded as an assault on the vital interests of the United States of America, and such an assault will be repelled by any means necessary, including military force.' Was part of what document?
• The region around Titusville and Cornplanter is historically known as which region?
• Which law states that all pure gases have the same z factor at the same reduced pressure and reduced temperature?
• The API gravity formula API = (141.5 / SG) - 131.5 is used to relate API gravity to what property?
• Which term describes a field that is at the edge of viability?
• Which country is associated with Petrobras, the world leader in deep-offshore production?
• The 'Pool Association' was drafted by executives from how many oil companies?
• A dune will form in the casing screen annulus when gravel packing what type of well?
• Who was the first man to think that the 'Big Hill' would be profitable?
• This term, often used in relation to EOR flooding, describes the effect of one fluid flowing through a porous media and displacing fluid of a different viscosity.
• What substitutions are made for the method of weighted residuals?
• What two gases can cause changes in a mud's pH?
• On a phase diagram, this is defined as the maximum temperature above which liquid cannot be formed regardless of pressure.
• SP logs are used to distinguish permeable zones; which unit are they measured in?
• Which gas is sulfur-containing and can affect mud pH?
• In 1960, who became the chairman of Standard Oil of New Jersey?
• What is the total sum of openings or voids that occur within a rock?
• Where did leaders from seven western powers meet in 1985 for their annual economic summit?
• Oil imports in 1948 accounted for 20% of the budget for which plan?
• Haroldson Lafayette Hunt, who purchased East Texas Field rights in 1930, later became known as what in East Texas oil history?
• Name the five reservoir fluids.
• What term describes the total oil initially in place before production begins?
• What is the dimensionless ratio between fluid inertial forces and fluid gravitational forces?
• Where is the Colony Shale Oil Project geographically located?
• Which rig instrument helps the driller monitor the amount of mud displaced by the tubular or wire rope being run in and pulled out of the hole?
• In reservoir engineering, what term describes the extra pressure drop near the wellbore due to skin effects?
• In the weighted residuals approach, the displacement field in the trial solution is expressed as a sum of nodal displacements multiplied by shape functions. Which of the following expresses this form?
• Conoco's origin traces to which company?
• Which device is placed at the lower end to help guide the casing through rough spots and edges?
• Under what casing pressure condition is underbalanced perforating performed?
• The Abyssal Abiogenic Theory led to discoveries of oil in which rock type?
• The difference between ideal Pwf and real Pwf is equal to what?
• Which type of well uses the principle of superposition in space to solve linear boundary problems by adding mirrored infinite solutions?
• This numerical model has a solution procedure based on numerical approximation of the governing equations.
• There exists a limiting gas-liquid ratio where the decrease in hydrostatic pressure will be offset by what?
• What year did the largest oil spill happen?
• Which device helps to maintain tension on the drill string in rough sea conditions?
• Fluids cause formation damage under which condition?
• Which organic species are most commonly responsible for formation damage?
• An explosive charge detonated in the borehole to break up large pieces of junk to facilitate removal
• What is a naturally occurring mixture of short chain hydrocarbons with a minor amount of inorganic compounds?
• What does the abbreviation OPEC stand for?
• The boundary condition characterized by a fixed gradient across the boundary, allowing cross-boundary flow, is called Conductive.
• Which EOR method uses gases that expand in a reservoir and push additional oil to the production well bore?
• Interpretation of a stabilized well test yields what information?
• What is the conversion factor to obtain field units for Darcy's Law?
• Which term describes the ability of a rock to store fluids (void space)?
• The Inter-Allied Petroleum Conference involved which four Allied countries?
• Which boundary type represents a boundary that combines multiple boundary behaviors?
• In an oil reservoir, the gas dissolved in the oil under natural conditions is called?
• In February 1865 John D. Rockefeller bought out this man, his partner of a successful oil refinery in Cleveland, Ohio, for $72,000. Name this man.
• On IPR curves, which variable is plotted on the x-axis?
• This term is the process of forming a sedimentary rock from the clastic grains. May also be in conjunction with several geochemical processes such as cementation reactions and chemical dissolution.
• In what year did the automobile defeat its competitors for automotive locomotion?
• Which country has the second-most oil reserves in Europe excluding Russia?
• What is the largest offshore gas platform in the world?
• Standard Oil of New York eventually became which company?
• Reserves are expected to be recovered from zones in existing wells, which will require additional completion work or future re-completion prior to the start of production.
• What map type displays thickness distribution of a formation across space?
• What does the diffusivity equation describe?
• Which bit type is typically used to drill through hard rock formations?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a cause of positive skin?
• Which of the following countries is a member of OPEC?
• OPEC's five original founders accounted for what percentage of the world's oil exports?
• Which company was the predecessor of Pure Oil Company?
• Which well log is used to determine the wellbore radius and may also be used to determine the location of permeable formations along the wellbore?
• What term describes natural gas contained in coal deposits, regardless of whether it is stored in a gaseous phase?
• Which statement best differentiates Oil in place from Recoverable oil?
• Spindletop is located in which Texas city?
• Who is considered the world leader in deep-offshore production?
• This man took his first geology course to avoid Latin and then took time off from school to visit Mexico where he would discover the Portrero del Llano 4 well in the Golden Lane.
• Which option describes Gas Lift?
• Which log is used to distinguish permeable zones from non-permeable zones and is measured in millivolts (mV)?
• What is the unused world oil production capacity called?
• For Archie's equation, when n = 1 and m = 2, this parameter set is appropriate for which formation lithology?
• Who built Occidental Oil Company into one of the world's great energy companies in the late 1960s?
• What substitution is made in Galerkin's Method?
• This is the initial stage of oil that never developed completely into crude and is typical of oil shales. There are three types of these.
• In what year was the first woman president of SPE in office?
• How much natural gas is consumed globally per day?
• On the exterior of the marine riser, two pipes are used for well control. What are they called?
• What term describes processes to increase the amount of oil removed from a reservoir, typically by injecting a liquid or gas?
• When the wellhead and blowout preventers are mounted on the seafloor what connects the blowout preventer to the rig?
• Which term best describes resources that are potentially recoverable and exist, but are not currently considered commercially economic due to circumstances?
• Oil viscosity can be estimated using which correlations?
• Which company built the first platform in the Gulf of Mexico?
• Who bought a thousand barrel a day well located in a church cemetery?
• In December 1901 which company did the Shell Group merge with to form British Dutch?
• During squeezing in the crossover method, where does the carrier fluid go and what is deposited?
• Which device anchors the tubing to the casing and provides a sealing function?
• CO2 Injection is an example of which overarching EOR method?
• What is the term for the pressure difference between the non-wetting and wetting phases in a capillary interface?
• Teapot Dome was one of how many fields set aside as naval oil reserves?
• What effect does a negative skin have on the effective well bore radius?
• What was the name of the well that discovered the East Texas Field?
• A Pickett Plot is used to estimate which property?
• Which term describes the vertical displacement of rocks along a fault?
• Who bought all the rights to the East Texas Field from Dad Joiner in November 1930 and became the largest independent in East Texas?
• The Blue Stream pipeline connects which two countries?
• In oilfield terminology, which device is expanded to seal a downhole zone during completion?
• As opposed to the standard discrete system, the more general Finite Element method utilizes what?
• What is the normal valence angle around carbon in tetrahedral molecules?
• In the 1970s 'the Texaco Building' in Vienna became known as what?
• What was another name for the 1973 Arab oil embargo proclaimed by OPEC?
• What is the term for a formation with constant permeability and no high or low 'streaks'?
• The Mesa bonus to T. Boone Pickens in 1985 was how much?
• In 1965, which country became the world's 6th largest exporter of oil?
• In geology, what term describes the weight of material lying above a rock unit, contributing to vertical stress?
• What is described as a cylinder of rubberlike material which is run on a tubular string down hole and is compressed to expand and seal the well at that level?
• Production = Expansion + Influx + Injection. What is this relationship called?
• What is the largest onshore oil field in China?
• Name two methods to obtain Ku+f=0 from an approximate solution.
• During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which region became the world's largest oil producer?
• In the equation Yg = ?g / ?air, which statement describes ?air?
• How is the relative permeability of gas calculated?
• In 1982, OPEC's actions were intended to support prices by reducing which of the following?
• First tried in 1972 in Scurry County, Texas, what method of EOR has been used successfully throughout the Permian Basin of West Texas and New Mexico?
• What is bubble flow?
• In the 1930s, what percentage of Venezuela's export value came from oil?
• Oil barrels involved in contracts that do not require physical delivery are known as?
• Ghawar oil field is located in which country?
• Who was the owner of the Shell Transport and Trading Company in the late 19th and early 20th Century?
• Which drilling rig drilled the deepest well (Tiber)?
• Oil samples obtained by carefully controlling production rate and sampling separator gas and separator liquid are called?
• What caused the natural gas industry to shift its market to heating and cooking?
• What was the name of the first major oil well in Texas?
• This King was murdered by his nephew in March of 1975.
• Which instrument measures gravity changes from point to point on the surface and was adapted from World War I technology?
• What are the three parts of a diamond bit?
• BP made its first oil price reduction in which year?
• When a SP log deflects to the right of the shale base line, what is the most probable formation fluid?
• Which European company was part of the historical seven sisters?
• This type of reserve can be estimated with reasonable certainty that it can be recoverable under current economic conditions.
• A reservoir boundary that allows some flow across it is called Leaky.
• Which statement best describes Darcy's Law as applied to porous media?
• Which property is used to classify oil as sweet, medium sour, or sour?
• For an infinite conductivity vertical fracture flow (linear flow) flow regime, what is the slope of the pressure change?
• Which of the following countries was NOT among the eight that accounted for 94% of the world's oil production in 1938?
• Which trio was known as the 'Big Three' in the oil industry in 1930?
• What is the name of the well on which the Deepwater Horizon exploded and sank in April 2010?
• Which event occurred earliest among these milestones: the 1879 invention, the 1901 contract with Guffey, the 1928 Texas top, or the 1890s oil promotions?
• Who delivered the first presidential energy speech in 1973?
• What does the term 'dead oil' describe?
• In Havlena and Odeh's material balance, m is defined as which ratio?
• Which SPE publication focuses on projects, facilities, and construction?
• Which log is the most commonly used measurement?
• Reserves expected to be recovered through future investments.
• In what year did the Teapot Dome lease occur?
• What well log is used to determine both total and effective porosity?
• For a finite conductivity vertical fracture flow regime (bilinear flow), the pressure change and derivative are offset by a factor of what?
• Why does oil viscosity decrease with decreasing pressure above bubble point?
• Which pipeline would link the Volga-Urals area to Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary?
• In what year was the Glenn Pool in Oklahoma discovered?
• To what approximate depth of water can submersible rigs drill?
• Which device is used to remove larger solids first from mud?
• What term describes formation damage caused by a sudden drop in brine salinity?
• What are the locations in the production chain where produced quantities are measured or assessed?
• In salt dome development, which stage is the Pillow Stage?
• Name the four types of Aliphatics?
• Which country is ranked fifth in proven oil reserves?
• This well, drilled in 1983, at a cost of $2B, was the most expensive dry hole to date.
• This is the term for a well drilled in an area where no current oil or gas production exists.
• The discovery of what oil deposits in the early 1950s ushered in a new era in Soviet oil?
• What joint of casing is used as a one-way valve?
• What are the two types of chemical bonds?
• Which type of fluid exhibits a yield stress and flows after yielding?
• What are the ABCD powers?
• When drilling a horizontal well, production-induced damage would cause what shape?
• Which logs are used together to identify a breakout?
• In what year did Marcus Samuel of Shell Transport and James Guffey sign their twenty-year contract at Spindletop?
• Which clastic fragment is the fourth item listed alongside oolites, intraclasts, and fossils in limestone?
• Which company was founded by Kenneth Lay in 1986 in Houston from the merger of two companies?
• Who was a correspondent for Petroleum Week and the founder of Petroleum Intelligence Weekly?
• Who drilled the first well for Patillo Higgins on Spindletop in 1893?
• What term describes forcing substances into a porous and permeable subsurface rock formation under vacuum?
• Which individual cited among the provided facts was associated with oil history and served as a U.S. official during WWII?
• What is the name for the point above which there is no tendency to buckle in a drill string?
• During the 1980s, as OPEC moved toward a formal cartel, which country acted as the swing producer to meet quotas?
• Which decade marked the end of the twenty-year surplus of oil?
• Which individual is associated with the Portrero del Llano 4 well discovery in the Golden Lane?
• In 1879 this first long distance pipeline (110 mi) was built in order to carry oil from the oil regions to the Pennsylvania and Reading Railroads.
• The measurement of the attractive forces of mud at rest or under static conditions is known as?
• What type of sandstone is characterized by an impure or dirty composition?
• In EOR, what is the method called that floods from the top or an updip location to push oil toward a producing well?
• Which nations were warned off by the Lansdowne Declaration in 1903?
• Who was the president of Standard Oil in 1926?
• Which log does not work in oil-based mud?
• Which kerogen type is typically oil-prone?
• The Exxon Valdez spilled about 11 million gallons. How many barrels did that correspond to?
• Gulf Oil was acquired in 1985 for $13.2B. What was the acquisition price?
• What does EOR stand for?
• What rate did the first flowing well in April 1861 flow?
• The jar tool frees stuck pipe by which methods?
• Which undersea pipeline completed in 2002 connected Russia and Turkey beneath the Black Sea?
• Which country uses the most refinery products?
• Who became the head of Standard Oil after Rockefeller's retirement?
• During 1983, OPEC cut oil prices from $34 per barrel to what amount?
• What is the naturally occurring mixture of short chain hydrocarbons with a minor amount of inorganic compounds called?
• Who was the first recorded purchaser of Henry Ford's cars?
• Which option lists submersible rig types?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a type of offshore drilling rig?
• What nickname did the US give to the Blue Stream pipeline due to its technical and economic complexities?
• This is the temperature which relates to the maximum pressure above which gas cannot be formed regardless of temperature.
• What policy measure was implemented as part of the Arab oil embargo?
• Howard Hughes received a patent for his two-cone roller-cone bit in which year?
• Which government department ultimately received the Teapot Dome reserve after transfer?
• Abraham Gesner was from which country?
• Which term describes the stress regime where one principal stress is normal to the Earth's surface?
• What is the concept of a gas lift?
• In refraction seismology, energy waves travel through which of the following?
• These wells are often drilled after a discovery and are used to determine the size of the hydrocarbon deposit.
• What map shows areal variations in facies of a given stratigraphic unit?
• Which U.S. President said 'We should not be acquiescent in any measure... which would give the Bear's claw a grip on production or transportation of oil'?
• A condition where the weight on a bit tooth has been so great that the tooth has dulled until its softer inner portion caves over the harder case area.
• What is the most poisonous gas encountered in drilling operations?
• Who correctly predicted the peak oil production point of the forty-eight contiguous U.S. states?
• What does TTRD Stand for?
• This is a sandstone containing 25% or more of feldspars, usually derived from silicic igneous rocks.
• In what year did CUSS 1 drill the first deep-sea hole in 3,800 meters of water off Guadalupe Island, Mexico?
• This graph can be used to indicate whether a formation is homogeneous or heterogeneous.
• In the 1950s, Continental, Marathon, and Amerada formed a coalition in Libya known as what?
• What is the angle between a planar feature, such as a sedimentary bed or a fault, and a horizontal plane?
• Which type of reserves is recoverable after development or large investment?
• In the oil industry, what term describes a giant oil field?
• Who was the Managing Director of the Asiatic Petroleum Company?
• Who was the man that first organized Shell's storage tanks in the Far East in the early 1890s and helped set up productions in Borneo in the late 1890s?
• Which deposits are highly saturated with kerogen and can yield oil with processing?
• When did the Inter-Allied Petroleum Conference take place?
• What is the chemical process of changing clay or other minerals to meet specific performance levels called?
• Which SPE periodical focuses on production and operations?
• Who was President of the Pantepec Oil Company in 1943?
• What was the name of the creek around Titusville, Pennsylvania where oil was first drilled?
• The Abyssal Abiogenic Theory led to discoveries of oil in which rock type?
• What is the normal valence angle of carbon?
• Which Persian leader canceled Anglo-Persian's concession in November 1932 due to low royalties blamed on the company?
• In what year was a major oil discovery made that confirmed the anticline theory?
• What is the name for the lowest point of closure on a structural trap which defines the maximum possible size of the trap?
• This type of diagram (formed from equilateral triangles) is used for three-component mixtures and must be plotted in such a way that the compositions of all three components can be displayed.
• Which USA president gave the first ever Presidential address on energy in April of 1973?
• Slang term for the seismograph crew member who places the geophones
• In volumetric calculations what device when used on an isopach map can mechanically measure the area inside circumscribed lines?
• Which log is primarily used to estimate porosity by measuring the travel time of acoustic waves?
• Which indicator do drillers use as a relative measure of how much drilling fluid is returning at the flow line?
• Which classification among sweet, medium sour, sour has the highest sulfur content?
• Which platform type uses a caisson as part of its foundation?
• What are the three stages of a salt dome?
• The 1932 cancellation of the Anglo-Persian concession was associated with which Persian leader?
• The tri-cone roller-cone bit comes in which two configurations?
• What does Rs stand for in reservoir engineering?
• In stratigraphy, which term describes variations in rock characteristics across a formation that reflect changes in deposition conditions?
• Gamal Abdel Nasser ordered the pipeline of which company sabotaged during the Suez Canal conflict?
• This volume of gas has been separated from produced water.
• What Beaumont-based company did Joseph Cullinan create in 1901?
• The signing date of the Anglo-American Petroleum Agreement is which of the following?
• Which of the following lists are Chinese NOCs?
• Which two men are credited with the discovery of the East Texas Field?
• In exploration terminology, which term is used for an exploratory well with no current production?
• CASOC stands for which of the following?
• A project associated with a potential accumulation currently poorly defined and requires more data acquisition and/or evaluation.
• Which parameter describes the rock's ability to transmit a single fluid in the presence of other fluids?
• What are the subsurface devices designed to prevent an uncontrolled release of hydrocarbons from the well if something catastrophic occurs at surface?
• In reference to drilling rigs, which term describes a rig fitted with long support legs that can be raised or lowered independently?
• The Arab embargo initially targeted the United States and which European country?
• Gas flow in a reservoir under transient conditions can be approximated using which two equations?
• Refineries with cracking units are commonly referred to as what?
• What was the name given to the oil boom of the late 1970s?
• Which theory posits abiogenic origin of hydrocarbons?
• Which of the following is NOT a type of non-Newtonian fluid?
• In what year did American crude oil production exceed domestic demand for the first time in a decade?
• Which company did Alfred Bedford serve as president in 1917?
• What term is used to refer to a geophone?
• CUSS 1 drilled the first deep-sea hole off Guadalupe Island, which country is Guadalupe Island located in?
• What term describes a state of stress where one principal stress is normal to the earth's surface in continental crust basins?
• What are the two possible ways single phase flow can be characterized?
• Which event occurred earliest?
• What type of EOR method uses the flooding of the oil reservoir from the top of the reservoir or from an updip location in order to push the oil towards a producing well?
• Which of the following is a SPE periodical?
• Who started the Gladys City Oil, Gas, and Manufacturing Company?
• Which field supplied 51% of the world's oil in 1901?
• What is the principal component of natural gas?
• In the Inflow Performance Relationship, what does PI stand for?
• Which term is used to describe the influence of the Poisson effect on horizontal stress in crustal rocks?
• Which two individuals signed a twenty-year contract at Spindletop in 1901?
• Who was the first Saudi oil minister?
• APQ in oil production stands for which term?
• Which string is primarily used to isolate freshwater zones in well construction?
• What is critical flow through a choke?
• On an acoustic image log, a fracture is most commonly represented as which shape?
• Which rock type is a cryptocrystalline silica and known for its hardness on drill bits?
• In the gas specific gravity equation Yg = ?g / ?air, what does Yg represent?
• During WWII, what major advantage did the Germans have at sea?
• The second half of the 20th century was referred to as what?
• Which individual is credited with inventing the roller-cone drilling bit?
• Which country implemented a seven-year Synthetic Oil Industry Law to supply half of its oil consumption from coal-derived fuels?
• Which term describes a drilling bit wear pattern where excessive weight dulls a tooth until the softer inner portion caves over the harder case area?
• Shale API has approximately which value?
• Which two countries represented approximately 48% of OPEC's production in the 1970s?
• What is the term for disseminated organic matter in sediments that is insoluble in normal petroleum solvents?
• What is the process of molecular bridging of polymers with other chemical substances that alters viscosity and shear rates to enhance lifting of cuttings and increase drilling rates?
• In what year did Edwin Drake drill the first successful well in Pennsylvania?
• Which reservoir-drive mechanism occurs when there is no gas cap and production quickly drives below bubble point pressure?
• The Standard Oil dissolution in 1911 was a result of which antitrust act?
• How many wells were eventually drilled on the Big Hill?
• Where did the Nobel Brothers Petroleum Company start?
• What cyclic compound associated with asphaltenes helps keep asphaltene platelets in suspension?
• Tar Sand refers to sandstone containing what kind of hydrocarbons?
• Identify the primary organic species implicated in formation damage.
• In what year did Calouste Gulbenkian die?
• What was the first company that Mesa Petroleum acquired (in 1980)?
• Abnormally high pressure exerted by subsurface formations is known as what term?
• Which of the following individuals was associated with Standard Oil of New Jersey in 1917?
• What connects the blowout preventer on the seabed to the drilling rig?
• Which EOR method involves injecting air into the formation and can involve combustion of the oil?
• Which term describes the pressure equivalent of circulating mud when considering hydrostatic plus friction losses?
• Around 1917, a US Bureau of Mines study concluded that which method would increase oil recovery?
• In the crossover method of inside casing gravel packing, what signals the squeezing stage?
• What was the main factor which led to the fall of Germany in WWI?
• At high gas rates in slug flow, what is the appearance of the gas bubbles?
• What tool is a permanent attachment to the side of the completion that allows the connection of valves and gauges?
• This type of well has an inclination other than zero degrees from vertical.
• What is the slang term for the person who places geophones during seismic surveys?
• Which country was not a founding member of OPEC?
• Who is the Halliburton CEO as listed?
• What is the area near a perforation where permeability may be reduced, typically about 50% less than undamaged permeability?
• In what year did American imports of oil first exceed American exports?
• What is the term for operations on a producing well to restore or increase production?
• Payments due to the host government or mineral owner in return for depletion of the reservoir are called what?
• Who did John D. Rockefeller put in charge of Standard Oil after his retirement?
• Who introduced the first insert bit?
• What is the reciprocal of viscosity?
• Gazprom's gas volume is approximately how many TCF?
• Which term refers to a small diameter channel worn into the side of a larger diameter wellbore?
• Which reservoir state is defined by the absence of density changes over time?
• According to the ranking of proven oil reserves provided, which country is third?
• Which flow regime is described by gas dispersed as droplets within the other phase?
• Which SPE publication focuses on reservoir evaluation and engineering?
• What is a common method to increase production in a low-permeability reservoir?
• Which Yale professor analyzed Rock Oil as an illuminant in 1855?
• What was the name of the company formed by the consolidation of T. Boone Pickens' drilling companies in 1969?
• What is sandstone containing highly viscous, asphalt-like hydrocarbon compounds referred to as?
• Who was the Lord Mayor of London in November 1902?
• Which statement best describes the diffusivity equation in reservoir engineering?
• Standard Oil of Ohio is today the American arm of which major oil company?
• One of the following individuals is listed as a founding father of OPEC. Who is it?
• The term roughneck was coined at which oil field?
• What pressure test is used after casing is cemented to verify that the casing, cement and formations below the casing seat can withstand the wellbore pressure required to drill safely to the next depth?
• Who revolutionized the Petroleum Industry by breaking down large hydrocarbons with thermal cracking?
• What is the oil capital of West Texas?
• Which statement correctly identifies the 'Big Three' oil companies of 1930?
• What is the most common method to calculate a rock volume from an isopach map?
• In what year was Kuwait's Burgan oilfield discovered?
• Which oilfield is the second largest in the world?
• How many barrels were spilled in the MC252 blowout?
• After intense negotiating between the Mexican government and oil companies, which leader nationalized Mexico's oil in 1938?
• Which of the following is NOT a Chinese NOC?
• To what depth of water is a semisubmersible rig capable of drilling in?
• Which event occurred earliest among the listed milestones?
• Which direction should a horizontal well that is not intended to be hydraulically fractured be drilled?
• Which hydrocarbon group is considered the most stable?
• What was the most severe year of the economic downturn following the Second Oil Shock?
• Which kerogen type is associated with algal detritus and zooplankton/phytoplankton material?
• Which term represents the ratio Ro/Rw explicitly?
• By the end of 1944, what percentage of oil was moved by pipeline in the United States?
• In what year was the first Oil & Gas Journal published?
• The Traction Vector on a surface is computed as the product of the stress tensor and which quantity?
• Which mud additive is used to increase mud density to help prevent influx?
• Which of the following is a dolomitization model?
• Marsh funnel measurement infers which property of drilling mud?
• The equation Q = PI(Pr - Pwf) represents which relationship in well performance analysis?
• Which term refers to the gas that has separated from produced water in a production stream?
• Which individual acted as the de facto commercial deputy to Henri Deterding?
• What is the process called that adds hydrogen to coal under high temperatures and pressures in the presence of a catalyst to create synthetic fuels?
• Statoil is headquartered in which country?
• What does the Z factor describe in gas behavior?
• What type of reserves can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be recoverable under current economic and technological conditions?
• What does the cementation exponent m represent in Archie's equation?
• What does kro stand for and how is it defined?
• In 1910, California's share of world oil production was approximately what percentage?
• Schwartz (1969) correlation for optimal gravel size based on the formation grain size distribution depends on which two factors?
• Which region ranks third in SPE professional membership?
• What are the laws of continuity used for most reservoir engineering applications?
• Which of the following is NOT a way to prevent coning effects?
• Which type of fault forms when the hanging wall rotates, the fault plane is curved, and the dip decreases with depth?
• Which organization implemented the Oil-for-Food program in Iraq?
• In what year did the United States deliver its first presidential speech on energy?
• Which devices provide both a structural purpose (anchor the tubing to casing) and a sealing purpose?
• Name the sources of horizontal stresses.
• What could cause flow reversals in a reservoir which might lead to hysteresis?
• What type of fluid has viscosity that changes with the shear rate?
• Water contained in the pores of a reservoir rock is called what?
• Who was SPE's first President?
• Which country is a founding member of OPEC?
• Which Beaumont-based company was formed in 1901 by Cullinan?
• Approximately how many barrels were contained by the Daqing Field when it was discovered?
• What is the name given to the looser cooperation agreement devised in 1934 as a revision of the 'As-Is' agreement?
• To what was the president of Sohio's production company referring when he said, 'we drilled in the right place, we were simply 30 million years too late'?
• Which region did Hubbert predict would experience the peak of oil production?
• In slug flow, what is the term for the large gas bubbles that coalesce and fill the cross-section?
• Who became the largest single private shareholder of Royal Dutch in 1913?
• What is the vessel used to treat or separate water-oil emulsions?
• In the oil industry, what does the acronym OCS stand for?
• Which gas is adsorbed onto coal surfaces?
• Which organization proclaimed the Oil Weapon during the 1973 embargo?
• What type of unconformity is formed where the beds beneath the erosional surface are tilted and eroded?
• Which EOR method uses polymers or detergent-like surfactants to lower surface tension and mobilize oil droplets?
• On a phase diagram, which term describes the point where solid, liquid, and gas coexist in equilibrium?
• What is the process of adding energy to the flow stream within the completion to increase the flow rate?
• Which component rises above the substructure and houses the crown block and draw works?
• Who joined with Nobel to help transport oil across land?
• What is the phenomenon that occurs from a sudden decrease in salinity of a brine flowing through a sandstone that will cause formation damage by dispersing clay particles?
• Which term describes the threshold at which gas begins to contribute to flow in a gas-oil system?
• This term describes the difference between average reservoir pressure and the flowing bottomhole pressure.
• To avoid corrosion in the borehole what type of pH level is desirable?
• What term is used to refer to the use of thrusters to keep a semisubmersible rig over the drill hole?
• In the dismantling of Standard Oil, how many smaller companies did they divide into?
• Which of the following is not listed as a factor controlling relative permeability?
• Which two names are explicitly linked to oil history in the provided facts?
• In 1957 Fortune magazine named the richest person in America. Who was it?
• What European city was quickly named Elektropolis after electricity was introduced?
• Which law did Franklin D. Roosevelt sign on July 2, 1940 that gave the president the ability to control the flow of exports including oil?
• Which trust company was the first to challenge Standard Oil in the industry?
• What is the term for the lowest temperature at which an oil will pour or flow under prescribed conditions?
• In what year did Shell raise its oil prices by two to four cents?
• Which 110-mile pipeline built in 1879 carried oil to the Pennsylvania and Reading Railroads?
• Which stage of oil recovery is described as after secondary recovery, using tertiary methods?
• In geology, which term describes rocks or materials with interconnected pore spaces through which fluids can move?
• What is the flex join in a tool string that allows alignment with a target not in the same plane?
• Salt domes go through three major stages of development. What are these stages?
• Which category includes cyclic hydrocarbons within aliphatics?
• The California offshore development moratorium instituted after the Santa Barbara leak expired in which year?
• In what year was OPEC founded?
• In what year did the Rothschilds and Royal Dutch/Shell merge together?
• In a miscible displacement during enhanced oil recovery, what phenomenon causes irregular, finger-like patterns in the displacement front?
• Define Positive skin.
• Which fuel distills at a temperature lower than Jet Fuel but higher than Gasoline?
• The Fortune magazine’s 1957 richest person in America was primarily associated with which industry?
• Which rock name refers to a non-clastic carbonate rock formed in part from shell fragments and clay?
• What TV show starring J.R. Ewing celebrated the late 1970s oil boom?
• How much oil is estimated to have been spilled by the blowout of MC252 in the Gulf of Mexico?
• This hard, silicate sedimentary rock is similar to flint but with a less ordered structure. It is a cryptocrystalline form of quartz and is known to be extremely hard on drill bits.
• Kerr-McGee struck oil in the Gulf of Mexico in which year?
• Which future author worked as an illustrator for Standard Oil in advertising campaigns?
• Which device helps the casing pass rough spots and edges in the wellbore?
• What is caused by movement, expansion, and/or compression of wellbore fluids in response to a pressure change?
• Which of the following lists the five types of reservoir boundaries?
• Which family became the largest single private shareholder of Royal Dutch in 1913?
• A type of listric normal fault where sediment infilling at the surface has kept pace with the fault movement such that the hanging wall has a thicker sequence than the footwall
• Which entity emerged from the Standard Oil breakup and is known today as Standard Oil of New Jersey?
• Which pressure difference describes capillary pressure?
• Which of the following is an assumption of Darcy's Law?
• What years were named OPEC's Golden Age according to a former Secretary General of OPEC?
• Which description best characterizes the Inter-Allied Petroleum Conference?
• In terms of ultimate recovery which expansion would prove to be more efficient, free or solution gas or oil?
• Perforating with a casing presssure less than reservoir pressure is a conventional approach to avoiding plugged perforations, what type of perforating is this?
• The Little Inch pipeline length of 1475 miles refers to which WWII oil infrastructure?
• This is another term for the ocean floor.
• Who designed the first oil tanker, the Zoroaster?
• What mathematical tool plots the well production rate vs bottom hole pressure?
• Which parameter is not typically obtained from a stabilized well test?
• The 1985 compromise limited European gas imports from Russia to what percentage?
• Which silicate mineral is commonly a potassium-bearing mineral and a major component of feldspar?
• Which mineral content defines Arkose sandstone?
• Which two countries did the Arab oil embargo initially ban all exports to?
• A major oil discovery in which state confirmed the anticline theory?
• Which gas is commonly used in gas injection?
• The commercial plastic Bakelite was invented and marketed in 1907 by whom?
• In the USA, this type of well is defined as producing 10 BOE/d or less.
• Arkose sandstone is characterized by a relatively high content of which mineral?
• Ro/Rw is also known as which term?
• What style of faulting occurs when the Vertical Stress is greater than the horizontal stresses?
• How much oil was spilled by the Exxon Valdez?
• This is the mud weight that is actually felt by the formation when fluid is being pumped.
• Which term describes resources not yet discovered but potentially recoverable from undiscovered accumulations?
• Which nonhydrocarbon group forms the largest share of compounds in petroleum?
• Kerogen containing mostly decomposed organic matter also known as charcoal is what type of kerogen?
• During infinite acting radial flow, what is the value of the pressure derivative slope?
• What gas is dissolved in oil under natural conditions in an oil reservoir?
• When the oil saturation becomes the residual oil saturation, what is the value of the effective oil permeability ko?
• Which type of flow occurs when the individual particles in a fluid move forward in straight lines parallel to the pipe's axis?
• Which individual is associated with building Occidental into a major energy company in the late 1960s?
• What is the most common source of formation damage?
• What is the name of the 1935 agreement among several oil-producing states to exchange information and standardize legislation?
• Which year is associated with the figure of 42 million barrels produced worldwide?
• Which term describes a short section of casing or tubing used as a depth identifier?
• Oil recovery operations traditionally have been subdivided into three stages. What are the three stages?
• Which type of contract is a contract by which the production of a field is shared between the host government and the oil company operating the field?
• In what year was Standard Oil Trust dismembered into Standard Oil Interests?
• The first tanker through the Suez Canal after it reopened carried oil for which individual?
• Under which contract is the drilling contractor paid by the number of feet or meters drilled?
• What is a mathematical description of a continuous physical phenomenon in which a dependent variable is a function of more than one independent variable?
• In constructing IPR curves what are the axis?
• Which property is determined by measuring the time it takes for a mud sample to flow through a Marsh funnel?
• What program enforced by the United Nations on Iraq in 1996 allowed Iraqi oil to be sold in foreign markets and the proceeds to be used only on food and medicine?
• In reservoir studies, Vogel correlation helps estimate properties for oil when the oil is in a two-phase system.
• Which four companies were Aramco partners?
• Which company holds the world's all-time record of profits for an industrial company?
• What is the dimensionless factor that determines the production efficiency of a well, where positive values indicate damage and negative values indicate enhanced productivity?
• What was the first well on Spindletop named?
• In 2010, Chevron Canada drilled an offshore well that set the record for the deepest water ever drilled in Canada. What is the name and water depth of this well?
• Better known as Dr. Seuss, this man worked as an illustrator in advertising campaigns for Standard Oil.
• Define segregated flow.
• What is the name of the process used to create flow channels from a well into a reservoir by perforating casing?
• When was the first rock bit with jet nozzles used?
• In what year did ExxonMobil reach an all-time net profit of $36.1 billion, setting a world's all-time record for an industrial company?
• What slang term is used to describe moderate to severe flocculation of drilling mud due to contaminants, also called gelled-up?
• Which location lost more oil in one day before it was capped than was being extracted worldwide in September 1886?
• Which correlation allows for using properties for oil if that oil is in a two phase system?
• In 1879, which invention deeply threatened the oil industry?
• What was the total depth of the first well that Drake drilled that produced oil?
• This type of permeability is the conductance of a porous medium for one fluid phase when the medium is saturated with more than one fluid. What is the name?
• Which description best defines slug flow in two-phase gas–liquid flow inside a pipe?
• Which company was the predecessor of Total, Chevron, and ExxonMobil?
• Geopressure describes abnormally high pressure in subsurface formations; which option lists geopressure at the end?
• For saturated reservoirs with no gas cap, graphing F versus Eo yields a slope equal to which quantity?
• Which field has been injecting CO2 for storage since 1996?
• Which term describes a borehole enlargement in a direction parallel to the minimum horizontal stress?
• In the wellbore storage regime, the derivative slope is constant at what value?
• What was the early production estimate of Lucas I?
• In what city did the first dedicated gas station appear?
• Which psi/ft gradient is used for freshwater calculations in petroleum contexts?
• What action was taken in 1969 in response to the offshore oil leak in Santa Barbara?
• Which group of countries was referred to as the 'Asian Tigers'?
• Which flow regime describes bilinear flow due to finite conductivity vertical fracture?
• What were the three bases that oil was sold on in the 1870s?
• Which 1920s oil promoter reportedly earned $2 million in a single year before being apprehended by federal authorities?
• This term means the different parts of a rock strata indicating a change in mineral content or deposition mechanics.
• What was the first insert bit nicknamed?
• What type of gas has a high content of liquid hydrocarbon at pressures and temperatures lower than reservoir conditions?
• The percentage of non-wetting phase (usually oil or gas) left in the ground after production.
• Monroe Rathbone became chairman in 1960 of which company?
• Executives from five oil companies met at Achnacarry Castle in Scotland in 1928 to draft which agreement?
• Name a source of vertical stress in geology.
• Which of the following is NOT a dolomitization model?
• Which statement best describes graywacke?
• Which chart is used to correct deep log resistivity to true formation resistivity?
• Who became Prime Minister of Japan on October 18, 1942?
• Who was the first president of Gulf Oil Corporation?
• What is the term for a gas that remains a vapor in the reservoir and does not drop out as a liquid under separator conditions?
• Who were the chief executive officers of ENI and Statoil?
• Which aquifer model is based on the premise that the water influx rate is directly proportional to the pressure drop between the average aquifer pressure and the pressure at the reservoir-aquifer boundary?
• Where was the last refinery built in 1976?
• The constant b in van der Waals equation of state is a correction for what?
• What is the procedure of recovering lost or stuck equipment in the wellbore called?
• What act was passed that culminated in the dismemberment of Standard Oil?
• When using Vogels correlation to calculate an IPR for a two-phase reservoir, at what pressure should viscosity and formation volume factor be taken?
• A positive displacement motor is a hydraulically driven down hole motor that uses what principle to rotate the bit?
• Maurice Clark was Rockefeller's partner in a Cleveland oil refinery. In what city was that refinery located?
• In 1959, the cap on foreign oil imports as a share of domestic consumption was set at what percent?
• What was the traditional method of powering a cable-tool rig?
• What was a consequence of Nixon's oil price controls in 1971?
• What was the nickname the chairman of Occidental, Armand Hammer?
• Which company is the largest Italian oil and gas company?
• This oil field is a Sadlerochit formation described as a delta and braided stream sequences bounded by unconformities and derived from a Permian and Triassic mountain range north of the field.
• Which instrument is used to measure liquid specific gravity?
• Name a source of horizontal stress in tectonics.
• On what date did the Exxon Valdez tanker go aground in Alaska?
• Which pair correctly matches the resource to its global daily consumption figure?
• What device is used to convert mechanical energy to hydraulic energy within the liquid being lifted?
• What type of flow occurs when all boundaries have been encountered in a closed reservoir and the formation is undergoing depletion?
• What vessel is used to separate gas, oil, and water after the mixture is produced from the well?
• On a gas-oil relative permeability curve at what point will gas relative permeability begin to increase above 0?
• What is the name of the tool that uses hydraulic or mechanical means to free pipe stuck in the well?
• This man took control of the Teapot Dome field from the Navy Department and leased the reserve to Harry Sinclair in 1922.
• CO2 Injection was first tried in 1972 in Scurry County, Texas. In which category of EOR does this technique fall?
• What unit is used for viscosity in the drilling mud example?
• Brill and Beggs described three flow regimes for horizontal gas–liquid flow. Which are they?
• This type of drawdown is the pressure differential from the formation near the wellbore to the wellbore.
• Which oilfield is the largest in Kuwait and also the second largest in the world?
• Resources which are estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from undiscovered accumulations.
• Tapline was completed in which year?
• Why does increasing the imposed wellhead pressure typically result in a proportionally larger increase in bottomhole pressure?
• Which informal term describes a drilling rig fitted with long support legs that can be raised or lowered independently of each other?
• What percentage of a barrel of crude oil is typically converted to gasoline?
• Wanda Jablonski is associated with founding which weekly publication?
• This is a rubber or plastic material used as a seal.
• Which component of a diamond bit is attached to the drill string?
• To date, what percentage of oil discoveries have occurred in anticline formations?
• Which trio of countries were later added to the embargo ban on oil exports?
• On December 26, 1967 the largest oil field in North America was discovered. What is the name of this field?
• What is the propagation direction of a hydraulic fracture?
• With a Hydrogen to Carbon ratio of about 1.65 and lipids as the dominant compounds, name the type of kerogen.
• Which type of drilling contract is most commonly used?
• Which plot tests injectivity and is useful for establishing formation behavior during pumping?
• Volatile oil is defined as oil with fewer heavy molecules and more intermediates than black oils.
• The Soviet school's Abiogenic theory claimed that oil could be made without the help of living organisms. Which option represents this theory?
• The term 'hot oil' was first coined in 1933 in relation to which field?
• Tapline connected Saudi Arabia to which region?
• Oil samples obtained by shutting the well in and sampling the oil at the bottom of the wellbore are called?
• Which kerogen type is most strongly associated with marine-origin organic matter such as algal detritus and plankton?
• In what year did the first flowing well begin producing?
• Which device is used to prevent backflow during cementing operations?
• In 1947 the first major strike in Iran occurred when Abadan refinery workers protested what?
• Which contract specifies that an operator will be responsible for all activities and costs while drilling and is paid according to the daily cost of the rig?
• The Inter-Allied Petroleum Conference occurred in which year?
• What was the average price of oil at the well head in the United States in 1968?
• In November 1902 who was the Lord Mayor of London?
• What is the depth of the Tiber prospect well in feet?
• In dolomite formation, which dolomitization model involves a mixing zone between fluids?
• Who was known as 'the man with the sledgehammer' in 1916 Romania?
• In year-end 2011 SPE membership, how many student members were included?
• What type of rock is formed from broken fragments cemented together?
• Exxon Valdez sank in which body of water?
• AOFP stands for which term?
• Which term describes the portion of porosity that allows fluid flow due to connectivity?
• In dolomitization, which model involves dolomitization by burial fluids in a stratigraphic layer?
• Which of the following is NOT an assumption of Darcy's Law?
• Which type of log is used to locate the top of the gravel packed section and detect voids in gravel packs?
• Which of the following is a thermal EOR method?
• The Beggs and Brill correlation is used to estimate what in two-phase flow?
• Which of the following is a mechanical cause of positive skin?
• Which term describes the process of catching and analyzing mud and cuttings at the surface to infer downhole conditions?
• Which of the following best describes a formation with constant permeability and no high or low streaks?
• The 1902 alliance included which family along with Britain and the Dutch?
• Which two fields were part of the Teapot Dome scandal?
• This type of map shows contour points of equal formation thickness. It may also show depth of the zone.
• In which location did the remark about drilling in the right place but being 30 million years too late pertain?
• What is the average gallons spilled in the largest oil spill?
• What percentage of Sodium Chloride is required in a drilling fluid for it to be called a saltwater mud?
• Mud Cake forms along the borehole surface primarily due to which phenomenon?
• Which term describes the mineral-processing step that changes mineral content to meet performance levels?
• This policy is known as the direct involvement by the American Government in Saudi Arabia.
• In what year did Eisenhower decide to put quotas on foreign oil?
• In what year did the Shell Transport Royal Dutch Petroleum Company draft an agreement with the Rothschilds?
• Which slang term refers to someone who prospects for oil using seismology?
• The growth of free world oil demand by 21 million barrels per day occurred in which period?
• What is the name of the refining device where crude oil is separated into its components?
• In inside casing gravel packing, which method places the gravel opposite the productive interval before the screen is placed, and then washes the screen to its final position?
• What term describes operations on a producing well to restore or increase production, including possible repairs or cleaning?
• When did the Texas Fuel Company change its name and what was the name changed to?
• Which organization ruled Venezuela in the mid-1940s?
• Why must a reservoir sample be taken before production in new wells?
• What was the mega-company created by the Rothschilds' British merger named?
• Which company is the largest natural gas company in the world?
• The first gas station to start handing out maps of the region was located where?
• If the contact angle between oil and water on a core sample is less than 90°, which phase is the wetting phase?
• Which company historically served as the predecessor to several large petroleum firms such as Total, Chevron, and ExxonMobil?
• This type of oil contains fewer heavy molecules and more intermediates than black oils.
• Which of the following lists five causes of positive skin?
• Which European country has the most oil reserves excluding Russia?
• In the study of petroleum fluids, which bonds are we most concerned with, covalent or ionic?
• Which corporation had Andrew Mellon as its first president?
• In what year was British Dutch created?
• In 1933, which British official played a key role in restoring Anglo-Persian's concession in Persia?
• Who was the chairman of the Asiatic Petroleum Company?
• What mineral is the main component of limestone?
• Which log type is used to measure porosity by neutron interactions?
• Completions are divided into two specific parts, what are they?
• What company began working on the Colony Shale Oil Project in 1980 and ended in 1982 because of a lack of funds?
• What is the name of the board established to investigate conditions in the oil industry?
• In what year was the Daqing Field discovered?
• What is a drawdown test?
• What price did J. Paul Getty pay for his part in Saudi Arabia?
• Which program did President Eisenhower approve in 1959 to cap oil imports at 13 percent of domestic consumption?
• A well that is close to, but outside of the known reservoir is called what?
• For a late-time drawdown, which flow regime is indicated by the overlay of pressure change and pressure derivative?
• What type of gas has a high content of liquid hydrocarbon at pressures and temperatures lower than reservoir conditions?
• What percentage of a barrel of crude is converted to gasoline?
• What is the linear flow form of Darcy's Law?
• Which company acquired Cities Service in 1982, yielding a $30 million profit for Mesa Petroleum?
• Assuming uniform pipe diameters, what will be the pressure drop due to kinetic energy for an incompressible fluid?
• Just before WWI what country provided 60% of the world's oil?
• Three mutually perpendicular normal stresses in a coordinate system where all shear stresses vanish defines what?
• What reservoir state exists when the pressure change with time varies with location?
• What type of fluid has a linear shear stress?
• This government entity, founded during World War II, was created with the aim of acquiring actual ownership of foreign oil reserves.
• Which drilling method is defined by the rotation of the bit to cut rock?
• Exxon Valdez grounded in Alaska in which year?
• During the Teapot Dome Scandal this company was determined to be a mechanism by which prominent oil men received kickbacks in the form of governments Liberty Bonds on purchases of oil.
• Which map type is used to depict thickness variations of a stratigraphic unit across a region?
• The 1938 oil nationalization occurred in which country following negotiations with oil companies?
• Which casing string is used to support the BOP stack?
• Which gauge shows the number of times one mud pump piston moves per minute?
• The intersection of the IPR curve and the VLP curve gives what result?
• What are the two types of intermittent flow?
• Which Venezuelan general's reign ended in 1935?
• Which exponent in Archie's equation is associated with tortuosity?
• Which contract makes the drilling contractor responsible for the entire drilling operation and pays a fixed fee when the job is finished?
• Which reserves have a 50% probability of producing?
• If the combination neutron-density log is good for telling oil from gas, how do you tell oil from water?
• Lucas I's early production was approximately how many barrels per day?
• What is defined as the zone in the earth where crude oil is generated from organic matter in source rocks?
• The Lucas I well is associated with which oil field?
• Which instrument detects ground vibrations and is another name for geophone?
• Which option correctly ranks the following petroleum fractions from highest to lowest distillation temperature: Diesel, Jet Fuel, Naptha, Gasoline?
• In what year was the Blue Stream undersea pipeline completed?
• The Value Gap describes the discrepancy between reserve asset values and what?
• For platform rigs operating in deep water, which two systems accommodate movement caused by water and wind?
• Which company, later named Marathon, was the largest of Standard Oil's producing companies before the 1911 dissolution?
• Between December 1941 and August 1945, the United States and its allies consumed about how many barrels of oil?
• A non-clastic limestone characterized by loosely consolidated, earthy calcium carbonate and clay containing deposits of shell is called what?
• In 1956, what percentage of Europe's total energy consumption came from oil?
• What term describes the space around the drill string that allows drilling fluids to circulate back to the surface?
• Which country holds more than 20% of the world's known reserves today?
• Which country is ranked fourth in proven oil reserves?
• The term Rank Wildcat refers to what?
• Which statement correctly describes kerogen?
• Which two parts make up the completion system?
• This is the fractional change of volume as pressure is changed at constant temperature for a gas.
• The Anticline Theory is considered the first major geological contribution to oil exploration. Which option below is the theory?
• The buildup of solids along the face of the wellbore while drilling due to loss of fluids is called what?
• When was the Anglo-American Petroleum Agreement signed?
• Standard Oil (California) eventually became which company?
• How much oil is consumed globally per day?
• Which postwar plan funded Europe's reconstruction and accounted for a notable share of oil imports in 1948?
• What is the term for the part of the drilling rig that rises above the substructure and houses the crown block and draw works?
• What is a small diameter channel worn into the side of a larger diameter wellbore?
• Slug flow is a type of which flow regime?
• Which of the following lists the four main periods in the life of a petroleum reservoir?
• What term describes a well that cannot produce oil or gas in sufficient quantities to justify completion?
• During pseudo steady state flow, the slope of the pressure change is 1 during which type of well test?
• What is the term for the maximum pressure above which gas cannot be formed regardless of temperature?
• PDC stands for which drilling bit material class?
• When was the first PDC bit used?
• What is the production rate divided by the pressure difference in a well?
• What is the graph that plots the percentage (by volume) of a given grade of crude which boils off as a function of temperature called?
• What year was the Ghawar field discovered?
• The percentage of effective porosity occupied by the wetting phase fluid that cannot be removed.
• What is the oilfield unit for dynamic viscosity?
• What device consists of a cable head, a correlation device, a positioning device and perforation guns?
• In what year did John D. Rockefeller retire from Standard Oil?
• The largest oil spill ever recorded was deliberate in nature. In what year did this event happen?
• From what two companies did British Dutch emerge?
• Where is Statoil headquartered?
• The reciprocal of viscosity is called what?
• Alfred Bedford chaired which national committee?
• What group conducted the study that marked the first intuition into secondary recovery of oil?
• Who restored a concession for Anglo-Persian in Persia in 1933?
• What type of reservoir has the same properties in all directions at any location?
• If a gel strength increases slowly over time what is its classification?
• One of the most well-known products of the petrochemical boom is which material?
• What description best captures OPEC's evolution in the 1980s according to the material?
• What are the two types of distributive flow?
• What term denotes reserves expected to be recovered from existing wells and facilities?
• Which refinery process is considered semi-batch (opposed to continuous)?
• What term describes the horizontal displacement of the fault as shown on a map by the fault’s width?
• Which line is used to divert flow during a well control incident?
• Which factor is explicitly listed as influencing relative permeability but is not a typical fluid property?
• Which statement is true about the Daqing Field?
• Who led the 'initial crusade' to uncover the Teapot Dome Scandal?
• In 1901, which company made a contract with James Guffey for 20 years?
• In horizontal two-phase flow, why does the flow regime not affect the pressure drop as it does in vertical flow?
• What is the oilfield unit for Wellbore storage, C?
• Measuring the flow rate and pressure drawdown in a producing well while the reservoir is in steady state provides what information?
• Who originally created the Iraq Oil Company?
• In the year 1972, how many barrels of oil were produced worldwide?
• The 1950 Voluntary Agreement was intended to address potential oil-supply disruptions caused by closing which canal?
• The Little Inch pipeline, longer than the Big Inch, was how long?
• Which professor consulted on many of the first California oil promotions?
• What are the three types of platform rigs?
• The partial penetration (spherical flow regime) occurs between well bore storage and what other flow regime?
• What is the vertical component of a fault's displacement?
• Where is ENI headquartered?
• What two rock types are the most common reservoir rocks?
• Which country is ranked second in proven oil reserves?
• What is the equation for the Z factor?
• In the late 1930s, what percentage of oil consumed in Japan was produced domestically?
• In what year were the Guffey Petroleum and Gulf Refining companies founded?
• What is a measurement of the ability of a fluid to coat a rock or mineral surface?
• Which act passed by England in 1957 favored the use of oil?
• In what year did the first tariff on imported oil appear in the United States?
• Which kerogen type is composed of napthenes, aromatics and aliphatics, commonly found in rocks deposited in marginal marine carbonates and shales, and is volumetrically the most important source rock for oil?
• Which reservoir state is described by pressure changes being uniform across the reservoir with time?